Package org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary

Class Base64

java.lang.Object
org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary.BaseNCodec
org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary.Base64
All Implemented Interfaces:
BinaryDecoder, BinaryEncoder, Decoder, Encoder
public class Base64 extends BaseNCodec
Provides Base64 encoding and decoding as defined by RFC 2045.

This class implements section 6.8. Base64 Content-Transfer-Encoding from RFC 2045 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies by Freed and Borenstein.

The class can be parameterized in the following manner with various constructors:

  • URL-safe mode: Default off.
  • Line length: Default 76. Line length that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially end up being multiples of 4 in the encoded data.
  • Line separator: Default is CRLF ("\r\n")

The URL-safe parameter is only applied to encode operations. Decoding seamlessly handles both modes.

Since this class operates directly on byte streams, and not character streams, it is hard-coded to only encode/decode character encodings which are compatible with the lower 127 ASCII chart (ISO-8859-1, Windows-1252, UTF-8, etc).

This class is thread-safe.

Since:
1.0
See Also:

  • Field Summary

    Fields inherited from class org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary.BaseNCodec

    lineLength, MASK_8BITS, MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, pad, PAD_DEFAULT, PEM_CHUNK_SIZE, sm

  • Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor
    Description
    Base64()
    Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode.
    Base64(boolean urlSafe)
    Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in the given URL-safe mode.
    Base64(int lineLength)
    Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode.
    Base64(int lineLength, byte[] lineSeparator)
    Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode.
    Base64(int lineLength, byte[] lineSeparator, boolean urlSafe)
    Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode.

  • Method Summary

    Modifier and Type
    Method
    Description
    static byte[]
    decodeBase64(byte[] base64Data)
    Decodes Base64 data into octets.
    static byte[]
    decodeBase64(byte[] base64Data, int off, int len)
     
    static byte[]
    decodeBase64(String base64String)
    Decodes a Base64 String into octets.
    static byte[]
    decodeBase64URLSafe(String base64String)
     
    static BigInteger
    decodeInteger(byte[] pArray)
    Decodes a byte64-encoded integer according to crypto standards such as W3C's XML-Signature.
    static byte[]
    encodeBase64(byte[] binaryData)
    Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output.
    static byte[]
    encodeBase64(byte[] binaryData, boolean isChunked)
    Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks.
    static byte[]
    encodeBase64(byte[] binaryData, boolean isChunked, boolean urlSafe)
    Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks.
    static byte[]
    encodeBase64(byte[] binaryData, boolean isChunked, boolean urlSafe, int maxResultSize)
    Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks.
    static byte[]
    encodeBase64Chunked(byte[] binaryData)
    Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm and chunks the encoded output into 76 character blocks
    static String
    encodeBase64String(byte[] binaryData)
    Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output.
    static byte[]
    encodeBase64URLSafe(byte[] binaryData)
    Encodes binary data using a URL-safe variation of the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output.
    static String
    encodeBase64URLSafeString(byte[] binaryData)
    Encodes binary data using a URL-safe variation of the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output.
    static byte[]
    encodeInteger(BigInteger bigInteger)
    Encodes to a byte64-encoded integer according to crypto standards such as W3C's XML-Signature.
    static boolean
    isBase64(byte octet)
    Returns whether or not the octet is in the base 64 alphabet.
    static boolean
    isBase64(byte[] arrayOctet)
    Tests a given byte array to see if it contains only valid characters within the Base64 alphabet.
    static boolean
    isBase64(String base64)
    Tests a given String to see if it contains only valid characters within the Base64 alphabet.
    protected boolean
    isInAlphabet(byte octet)
    Returns whether or not the octet is in the Base64 alphabet.
    static boolean
    isInAlphabet(char c)
     
    boolean
    isUrlSafe()
    Returns our current encode mode.

    Methods inherited from class org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary.BaseNCodec

    containsAlphabetOrPad, decode, decode, decode, decode, encode, encode, encode, encodeAsString, encodeToString, ensureBufferSize, getChunkSeparator, getDefaultBufferSize, getEncodedLength, isInAlphabet, isInAlphabet, isWhiteSpace

    Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

    clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

  • Constructor Details

    • Base64

      public Base64()
      Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode.

      When encoding the line length is 0 (no chunking), and the encoding table is STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE.

      When decoding all variants are supported.

    • Base64

      public Base64(boolean urlSafe)
      Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in the given URL-safe mode.

      When encoding the line length is 76, the line separator is CRLF, and the encoding table is STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE.

      When decoding all variants are supported.

      Parameters:
      urlSafe - if true, URL-safe encoding is used. In most cases this should be set to false.
      Since:
      1.4

    • Base64

      public Base64(int lineLength)
      Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode.

      When encoding the line length is given in the constructor, the line separator is CRLF, and the encoding table is STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE.

      Line lengths that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially end up being multiples of 4 in the encoded data.

      When decoding all variants are supported.

      Parameters:
      lineLength - Each line of encoded data will be at most of the given length (rounded down to the nearest multiple of 4). If lineLength <= 0, then the output will not be divided into lines (chunks). Ignored when decoding.
      Since:
      1.4

    • Base64

      public Base64(int lineLength, byte[] lineSeparator)
      Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode.

      When encoding the line length and line separator are given in the constructor, and the encoding table is STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE.

      Line lengths that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially end up being multiples of 4 in the encoded data.

      When decoding all variants are supported.

      Parameters:
      lineLength - Each line of encoded data will be at most of the given length (rounded down to the nearest multiple of 4). If lineLength <= 0, then the output will not be divided into lines (chunks). Ignored when decoding.
      lineSeparator - Each line of encoded data will end with this sequence of bytes.
      Throws:
      IllegalArgumentException - Thrown when the provided lineSeparator included some base64 characters.
      Since:
      1.4

    • Base64

      public Base64(int lineLength, byte[] lineSeparator, boolean urlSafe)
      Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode.

      When encoding the line length and line separator are given in the constructor, and the encoding table is STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE.

      Line lengths that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially end up being multiples of 4 in the encoded data.

      When decoding all variants are supported.

      Parameters:
      lineLength - Each line of encoded data will be at most of the given length (rounded down to the nearest multiple of 4). If lineLength <= 0, then the output will not be divided into lines (chunks). Ignored when decoding.
      lineSeparator - Each line of encoded data will end with this sequence of bytes.
      urlSafe - Instead of emitting '+' and '/' we emit '-' and '_' respectively. urlSafe is only applied to encode operations. Decoding seamlessly handles both modes. Note: no padding is added when using the URL-safe alphabet.
      Throws:
      IllegalArgumentException - Thrown when the lineSeparator contains Base64 characters.
      Since:
      1.4

  • Method Details

    • decodeBase64

      public static byte[] decodeBase64(byte[] base64Data)
      Decodes Base64 data into octets.

      Note: this method seamlessly handles data encoded in URL-safe or normal mode.

      Parameters:
      base64Data - Byte array containing Base64 data
      Returns:
      Array containing decoded data.

    • decodeBase64

      public static byte[] decodeBase64(byte[] base64Data, int off, int len)

    • decodeBase64

      public static byte[] decodeBase64(String base64String)
      Decodes a Base64 String into octets.

      Note: this method seamlessly handles data encoded in URL-safe or normal mode.

      Parameters:
      base64String - String containing Base64 data
      Returns:
      Array containing decoded data.
      Since:
      1.4

    • decodeBase64URLSafe

      public static byte[] decodeBase64URLSafe(String base64String)

    • decodeInteger

      public static BigInteger decodeInteger(byte[] pArray)
      Decodes a byte64-encoded integer according to crypto standards such as W3C's XML-Signature.
      Parameters:
      pArray - a byte array containing base64 character data
      Returns:
      A BigInteger
      Since:
      1.4

    • encodeBase64

      public static byte[] encodeBase64(byte[] binaryData)
      Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output.
      Parameters:
      binaryData - binary data to encode
      Returns:
      byte[] containing Base64 characters in their UTF-8 representation.

    • encodeBase64

      public static byte[] encodeBase64(byte[] binaryData, boolean isChunked)
      Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks.
      Parameters:
      binaryData - Array containing binary data to encode.
      isChunked - if true this encoder will chunk the base64 output into 76 character blocks
      Returns:
      Base64-encoded data.
      Throws:
      IllegalArgumentException - Thrown when the input array needs an output array bigger than Integer.MAX_VALUE

    • encodeBase64

      public static byte[] encodeBase64(byte[] binaryData, boolean isChunked, boolean urlSafe)
      Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks.
      Parameters:
      binaryData - Array containing binary data to encode.
      isChunked - if true this encoder will chunk the base64 output into 76 character blocks
      urlSafe - if true this encoder will emit - and _ instead of the usual + and / characters. Note: no padding is added when encoding using the URL-safe alphabet.
      Returns:
      Base64-encoded data.
      Throws:
      IllegalArgumentException - Thrown when the input array needs an output array bigger than Integer.MAX_VALUE
      Since:
      1.4

    • encodeBase64

      public static byte[] encodeBase64(byte[] binaryData, boolean isChunked, boolean urlSafe, int maxResultSize)
      Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks.
      Parameters:
      binaryData - Array containing binary data to encode.
      isChunked - if true this encoder will chunk the base64 output into 76 character blocks
      urlSafe - if true this encoder will emit - and _ instead of the usual + and / characters. Note: no padding is added when encoding using the URL-safe alphabet.
      maxResultSize - The maximum result size to accept.
      Returns:
      Base64-encoded data.
      Throws:
      IllegalArgumentException - Thrown when the input array needs an output array bigger than maxResultSize
      Since:
      1.4

    • encodeBase64Chunked

      public static byte[] encodeBase64Chunked(byte[] binaryData)
      Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm and chunks the encoded output into 76 character blocks
      Parameters:
      binaryData - binary data to encode
      Returns:
      Base64 characters chunked in 76 character blocks

    • encodeBase64String

      public static String encodeBase64String(byte[] binaryData)
      Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output. NOTE: We changed the behavior of this method from multi-line chunking (commons-codec-1.4) to single-line non-chunking (commons-codec-1.5).
      Parameters:
      binaryData - binary data to encode
      Returns:
      String containing Base64 characters.
      Since:
      1.4 (NOTE: 1.4 chunked the output, whereas 1.5 does not).

    • encodeBase64URLSafe

      public static byte[] encodeBase64URLSafe(byte[] binaryData)
      Encodes binary data using a URL-safe variation of the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output. The url-safe variation emits - and _ instead of + and / characters. Note: no padding is added.
      Parameters:
      binaryData - binary data to encode
      Returns:
      byte[] containing Base64 characters in their UTF-8 representation.
      Since:
      1.4

    • encodeBase64URLSafeString

      public static String encodeBase64URLSafeString(byte[] binaryData)
      Encodes binary data using a URL-safe variation of the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output. The url-safe variation emits - and _ instead of + and / characters. Note: no padding is added.
      Parameters:
      binaryData - binary data to encode
      Returns:
      String containing Base64 characters
      Since:
      1.4

    • encodeInteger

      public static byte[] encodeInteger(BigInteger bigInteger)
      Encodes to a byte64-encoded integer according to crypto standards such as W3C's XML-Signature.
      Parameters:
      bigInteger - a BigInteger
      Returns:
      A byte array containing base64 character data
      Throws:
      NullPointerException - if null is passed in
      Since:
      1.4

    • isBase64

      public static boolean isBase64(byte octet)
      Returns whether or not the octet is in the base 64 alphabet.
      Parameters:
      octet - The value to test
      Returns:
      true if the value is defined in the the base 64 alphabet, false otherwise.
      Since:
      1.4

    • isBase64

      public static boolean isBase64(byte[] arrayOctet)
      Tests a given byte array to see if it contains only valid characters within the Base64 alphabet. Currently the method treats whitespace as valid.
      Parameters:
      arrayOctet - byte array to test
      Returns:
      true if all bytes are valid characters in the Base64 alphabet or if the byte array is empty; false, otherwise
      Since:
      1.5

    • isBase64

      public static boolean isBase64(String base64)
      Tests a given String to see if it contains only valid characters within the Base64 alphabet. Currently the method treats whitespace as valid.
      Parameters:
      base64 - String to test
      Returns:
      true if all characters in the String are valid characters in the Base64 alphabet or if the String is empty; false, otherwise
      Since:
      1.5

    • isInAlphabet

      public static boolean isInAlphabet(char c)

    • isInAlphabet

      protected boolean isInAlphabet(byte octet)
      Returns whether or not the octet is in the Base64 alphabet.
      Specified by:
      isInAlphabet in class BaseNCodec
      Parameters:
      octet - The value to test
      Returns:
      true if the value is defined in the Base64 alphabet false otherwise.

    • isUrlSafe

      public boolean isUrlSafe()
      Returns our current encode mode. True if we're URL-SAFE, false otherwise.
      Returns:
      true if we're in URL-SAFE mode, false otherwise.
      Since:
      1.4